Research Study States that Supplements are Harmful.... Really?

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Robin Thomas's picture
Robin Thomas
Title: LumiGRATE Poster - Top of the Totem Pole
Joined: Aug 21 2010
Posts: 86
User offline. Last seen 5 days 15 hours ago.

Mainstream media has been sensationalizing  the latest study published in the Archives of Internal Medicine on the use of dietary supplements by older women. (1)  Most of the headlines about this 19-year long study involving about 39,000 women with an average age of 62 state things like, “Women taking multivitamins or other supplements have an increased risk of death.”  Basically, they are all saying that vitamins will kill you.  

Wow! That sure gets our attention!  

Don't worry about eating junk food, not exercising, smoking, drinking, speeding or the misuse of pharmaceutical drugs.   Vitamins are the newest health hazard.

Well, of course I'm going a bit overboard.   But it really bothers me when mainstream media jumps to a conclusion without carefully considering the validity of the study.   If you read the broad base of data coming out of this retrospective study, a fuller picture emerges:

  • The Iowa Women's Health Study was observational, where participants were asked to fill out three surveys over 19 years, reporting what supplements they took and what foods they ate, and answering a few questions about their health.
  • This particular study took only one element, that of supplements and minerals, of the overall Iowa Women's Health Study, which looked at numerous lifestyle factors that may affect mortality due to heart disease, cancer, and other causes.
  • Lifestyle factors, which are known to have a far greater influence on survival outcome than typical vitamin and mineral supplementation, have been ‘adjusted out’. Before this "data massage process" had occurred, the findings are quite different, and appear to have been largely ignored by the mass media.
  • That being said, the headlines didn’t report that for most vitamins and minerals in the study there was no increased risk of death. In fact, calcium use reduced the risk of death in this study by about 9%. Interestingly, other studies, supported by plausible mechanisms, suggest that very high intakes of simple calcium supplements, especially in the absence of vitamin D, may increase risk of heart attack and therefore death.
  • The headlines also neglected to mention that, on average, supplement users also had lower rates of diabetes and high blood pressure, two very important risk factors for overall health and mortality.
  • What the study did report was that the use of iron, vitamin B-6, folic acid, magnesium, zinc, and copper had, on average, a slight/2.4 percent increased risk of death over the course of the research. Iron had the highest associated risk in women over 61. Iron is rarely recommended for older adults anyway, and supplementation should always be monitored by a physician.
  • Most importantly, the study itself didn't look at a possible direct cause-and-effect of these ingredients. The study was non-placebo controlled and retrospective, based on “dietary recall” or self-reported supplement use, which is notoriously flawed. And, the study authors admit, a range of factors aside from the use of supplements could have impacted the outcome. For example there were no health comparisons drawn between supplement users and nonusers at baseline.

I have to conclude that this study shows a strong and flawed bias against supplement use. The conclusion of the study’s authors that general supplementation is unjustified and that supplements only be used for a “strong medically based cause such as symptomatic nutrient deficiency disease” is a perfect example of that flawed logic. As the Council for Responsible Nutrition pointed out, if supplements should only be used when a nutrient deficiency has been diagnosed by a doctor and the supplement is prescribed by that same doctor, the nutrient with the highest associated risk of death in this study, iron, was most likely used exactly that way.

I have been reading the current research on supplementation for many years, and there is a wide base of excellent research that shows the benefit of high quality supplementation.  Age-appropriate supplementation, along with a healthy diet and lifestyle, can have many positive benefits for young and old alike.  References of 758 studies over the past 20 years have been compiled in a single pdf document by the scientists at USANA Health Sciences if you care to follow the link and look. 

Personally, I will be following the advice of the Alliance for Natural Health-International as quoted from their Executive and Scientific Director, Robert Verkerk, PhD:

"Don’t let this study influence your decisions about supplementation. We have always upheld that high doses of particular synthetic vitamins, notably synthetic vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol), beta-carotene and folic acid (pteroylmonoglutamic acid) may pose some risk to health in some individuals. But to avoid these risks, simply make sure you supplement with the right forms, at least of these vitamins, such as mixed tocopherols (and tocotrienols) in the case of vitamin E, mixed natural carotenoids in the case of beta-carotene and natural folate (including the 5-methyltetrahydrofolate form) in the case of folic acid.

And remember to maintain that healthy lifestyle: don’t smoke, get plenty of sleep, manage your stress, eat lots of fruit and especially vegetables, drink plenty of clean, unadulterated water — and exercise regularly. Oh, and don’t forget to supplement, as contrary to what most health authorities try to tell us, it’s increasingly difficult to get enough nutrients from our food alone to keep us in optimum health."

Live Well,

Robin

References and further reading:

1. Arch Intern Med. 2011 Oct 10;171(18):1625-33. Dietary Supplements and Mortality Rate in Older Women: The Iowa Women's Health Study.Mursu J, Robien K, Harnack LJ, Park K, Jacobs DR Jr.Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition,University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.

USANA Health Sciences: Health Benefits of Nutritional Supplementation

 Alliance for Natural Health

Orthomolecular Medicine News Service

Council for Responsible Nutrition

In appreciation to Russ Barton MS, CNS, CISSN, USANA Science Information Services

__________________

Robin started contributing to  Lumigrate in August 2010.  "Meet Robin Thomas", a topic in our biographies/vitae forum is at http://www.lumigrate.com/forum/meet-robin-thomas to read all about her journey, which was greatly influenced by the need to help solve her youngest son's significant health challenges. For those who want just the overview here: After working over 22 years in medical research at the University of North Carolina on chronic inflammatory diseases she switched her focus to preventive health in 2004 when she was introduced to USANA Health Sciences.   Robin is passionate about helping others improve their health, have more energy, manage their weight, and improve their skin. 

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"I dream of a world free from pain and suffering. I dream of a world free from disease. The USANA family will be the healthiest family on earth. Share my vision. Love life and live it to its fullest in happiness and health."

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Mardy Ross's picture
Mardy Ross
Title: LumiGRATE Poster - Top of the Totem Pole
Joined: Feb 16 2009
Posts: 1200
User offline. Last seen 35 min 10 sec ago.
I'd thought something sounded 'off' when I heard the news...

 Hi Robin, I'm glad what I suspected when I heard this covered on the news was the case -- it sounded VERY suspicious to me. However, I'm only glad that my radar was right, I'm VERY NOT GLAD that the public gets inundated by poor reporting by the media!  And beyond VERY NOT GLAD that this type of bogus 'research' is going on and being given any visibility at all!    The reason for my emotion about this, is I see so many people who are really suffering with health issues that have been caused by poor information and reporting and education in the past!  It's heartbreaking!  

I believe there's going to be a growing 'fight' over supplements; I know that the reason "Vitamin Cottage" changed their name to "Natural Grocers" had to do with their marketing/legal people seeing what was coming down the track, and I'd talked with them two years ago about that.  The good news is, that the public demand is leading providers into becoming knowledgeable about supplements; I am concerned that the providers selling supplements, which has been increasingly the case, is going to eventually create the same problems we had when the pharmaceutical industry got so 'close' to physicians and other prescribing providers financially.  It clouds the judgment, money does.  

I know that if a doctor says to me "I think you could benefit from taking this supplement, I think you can get it at the health food store", that seems 100% unbiased.  If they said "... you can buy it from me", I'd have to be wondering about it.  And that was a real example from last week with me, my osteopath suggested two things for my seasonal allergies (quercitin and a nasal spray developed by a DO)(it worked wonderfully by the way!)

That's why I'd like to see providers setting their patients up with resources for purchasing supplements that have NO connection to them financially.  I've been part of a start-up clinic; the costs are staggering, and a way to offset that and be able to have the doors open and lights on without charging each patient MORE, is to have them purchase their supplements there rather than elsewhere.  Which is awesome if it's convenient AND the provider is being ethical in how and what they suggest to the patient. 

I would like to see doctors getting to know you and the other supplement resource on Lumigrate (ITC Pharmacy), or simply knowing Lumigrate and that we have quality providers, and refer people here.  We also have a link to a very well respected natural foods/supplement vendor who ships nation-wide, but if people need assistance with what to select, I'm not as comfortable with who answers the questions as I am if they call you or the guys at ITC.  

I'm not 'immersed' in the supplement world like you are since I'm immersed in Lumigrate and covering ALL aspects of mind/body/soul 'integrative' medicine, but I like to think I know a fair amount about all topics being covered, and I do have a lot more information 'on hand' and 'in head' that I post on Lumigrate.  One example that pertains to this discussion is the study that was done on publications that professional medical people subscribe to: There was an inverse relationship of # of advertisements from the pharmaceutical industry and # articles about nutrition supplementation.  So when I heard on the news about the study that you're referring to in your piece, I naturally ALWAYS try to think 'who was behind the study, who was funding the study'.  I hope everyone does this as they become savvier health care consumers! 

In my research class in OT school I had buddied up to some of the top male students in the class, as we were doing EVERYTHING in group projects to make the grading easier on the instructors.  There were about 10 of us that were older, didn't have kids, and hung out on weekends cooking and playing Pictionary; we'd had a great year of fun and learning.  The topic we decided on to research was 'depression' and if running/exercise had an impact.  

Well, I had been into yoga for a while by then .. about five years.  I'd actually stopped when I was having the onset of what turned out to be fibromyalgia; I'd been unaware of a herniated disk in my neck and was actually unknowingly antagonizing it with my yoga practice and gym workout (and had been riding my bike a LOT, even doing a tour of Alaska). So I dug into research about yoga and depression/mental health/well-being and found a lot of evidence that indicated yoga was JUST as effective in affecting people's depression as doing something more physical.  

But that wasn't the answer one of the guys in the group had; he had a history of depression and had taken to running and found it very effective.  I found it unbelievable how he was letting his opinion affect the facts! It was only EGO involved, too, there was no MONEY involved!   Since I'd worked for 8 years with some of the top air quality scientists in the United States and was involved in producing the research once it came out of the brainiacs computers and printers, for publications to print, I knew that my little OT class research group was not being unbiased.  I figured it would not be in their best interests to start their career without my version of the experience and gave them my feedback.  

That was ONE of MANY hidden treasures in my education in the mid 1990s at one of the top-rated OT programs in the country at the time.  I'm very concerned about the quality of the providers the people in the United States are interacting with, overall. That is why I work so hard to sort out those who contribute at Lumigrate and why I VERY MUCH VALUE your background education in science and work history in medical research.  

Again, THANK YOU for this piece, as I quite frankly am shocked when I see the poor quality of supplements that many people have been using; they're clearly not 'invested' in supplementing their nutrition by purchasing those brands in the first place, and I could envision people reading or hearing of this study that was widely publicized in the media due to it's WOW factor, and people throwing the whole concept out the window.  

I clearly believe that supplementation is critical for ideal health and more importantly health of the whole body with longevity/advancing age. Doing it "correctly" is the key. At least perhaps there is now some evidence about how supplementing incorrectly is not beneficial -- the details about iron in older women, above, is a case in point! Thank you for providing them for us to follow!  ~~ Mardy

 

__________________

Mardy Ross, OTR Founder, Lumigrate "Lighting the Path to Health and Well-Being" Follow us on social networking sites such as: Twitter: http://twitter.com/lumigrate facebook: My personal page: Mardy Ross Fan Pages: Lumigrate, Lumigrate: Fibromyalgia, Lumigrate: Fibromyalgia Health Education and Counseling (Lumigrate Webucation is a 'personal page' replaced by fan pages but used for 'fun' still).

This forum is provided to allow members of Lumigrate to share information and ideas. Any recommendations made by forum members regarding medical treatments, medications, or procedures are not endorsed by Lumigrate or practitioners who serve as Lumigrate's medical experts.

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